Raw Material Preparation 1. Starting Materials : 1. Toluene (C₇H₈) as the methyl donor. 2. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) or other oxidizing agents. 3. Azide compounds (e.g., 1H-benzotriazole (C₆H₅N₃) or similar precursors). 4. Solvents such as ethanol (C₂H₅OH) or dichloromethane (CH₂Cl₂), depending on the method. Step 1: Nitration Reaction (If not using a 5-methylbenzotriazole precursor directly) 1. Objective : Nitrate toluene to produce para-nitrotoluene (C₇H₇NO₂) . 2. Conditions : 1. Use a mixture of nitric acid ( HNO₃ ) and sulfuric acid ( H₂SO₄ ) as the nitrating reagent. 2. Control the reaction temperature (<50°C) to minimize by-product formation. Chemical equation: Step 2: Formation of o-Aminotoluene 1. Reduce p-nitrotoluene (C₇H₇NO₂) using a catalyst (e.g., Raney nickel or Pd/C ) and hydrogen gas ( H₂ ) to produce o-aminotoluene (C₇H₉N) . Chemical equation: ...